Mean Temperature Difference Paper 1940

”Mean Temperature Difference in Design”, Bowman, R. A., A. C. Mueller, and W. M. Nagle, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 62, pp. 283-294, 1940. This is the classic paper that presents the analytical relationships that are used to create the "Correction Factor" curves for shell-and-tube and crossflow heat exchanger analyses to correct for LMTD using a pure counterflow model.